International Journal of Computer Graphics & Animation (IJCGA)

Shrishail Math1 and R.C.Tripathi2 Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, India,211012 ABSTRACT  The verifying of authenticity and integrity of images is a serious research issue. There are various types of techniques to create forged images for various intentions. In this paper, Attempt is made to verify the authenticity of image using the image quality features like markov and moment based features. They are found to have their best results in case of forgery involving splicing.  KEYWORDS  Image forgery, image quality, moments, Multiblock cosine transforms  More Details :  http://airccse.org/journal/ijcga/papers/1111ijcga02.pdf

Dahlan Abdul Ghani Malaysian Institute of Information TechnologyUniversiti Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia   Abstract  In the attempt to preserve and safeguard the unique heritage of Wayang Kulit (Shadow Play),UNESCO has designated it as a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on 7th November 2003. Wayang Kulit Kelantan in Malaysia is threatened with imminent extinction. This paper reviews the critical situation of Wayang Kulit Kelantan in Malaysia. The visualization and movement of Wayang Kulit Kelantan is described into four major aspect, which are the puppets, shadows, screen for shadow projection (Kelir) and its light source. It also reviews the comparison methods and techniques between Wayang Kulit Kelantan traditional shadow play and Computer Graphics Imagery (CGI) used as a prototype design in traditional Wayang Kulit Kelantan.  Keywords  Wayang Kulit Kelantan, Shadow Play, puppets, kelir, Computer Graphic Imagery (CGI), visualiza...

Raj Kishen Moloo Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Mauritius, Reduit, MauritiusMuhammad Ajmal Sheik Dawood MSc Student, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, UK  Abu Salmaan Auleear Senior Web-Designer, Chesteroc ltd (Mundocom Mauritius), Ebène,   ABSTRACT  Nowadays three dimension (3D) architectural visualisation has become a powerful tool in the conceptualisation, design and presentation of architectural products in the construction industry, providing realistic interaction and walkthrough on engineering products. Traditional ways of implementing 3D models involves the use of specialised 3D authoring tools along with skilled 3D designers with blueprints of the model and this is a slow and laborious process. The aim of this paper is to automate this process by simply analyzing the blueprint document and generating the 3D scene automatically. For this purpose we have devised a 3-Phase recognition approach to pseudo 3D building gene...

Ourida Saidi1 1Department of Computer Sciences, Higher Institute of Management, Tunisia  ABSTRACT  The amount of data speedily proliferates. Consequently, the excessive number of extracted association greatly prohibits to better assist the decision maker. In this respect, backboned on the Formal Concept Analysis, we propose to extend the notion of Formal Concept through the generalization of the notion of itemset aiming to consider the itemset as an intent, its support as the cardinality of the extent. Accordingly, we propose a new approach to extract frequent itemsets using the coverage concept. In fact, this contribution is based on a quality-criterion of a rule namely the profit which expressively improves the classical formal concept analysis through the addition of semantic value to derive highly significant association rules.  KEYWORDS  Association rules, formal concept analysis, quality measure.  More Details :  http://air...

Shrishail Math and R.C.Tripathi Indian Institute of Information Technology,Allahabad  ABSTRACT  The multimedia applications are rapidly increasing. It is essential to ensure the authenticity of multimedia components. The image is one of the integrated components of the multimedia. In this paper ,we desing a model based on customized filter mask to ensure the authenticity of image that means the image forgery detection based on customized filter mask. We have satisfactory results for our dataset.  KEYWORDS  Customized Mask, Filter. Image composite, splicing, Image forgery More Details :  http://airccse.org/journal/ijcga/papers/1311ijcga01.pdf

Kurien Zacharia1 , Eldo P. Elias2 , Surekha Mariam Varghese3 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, M. A. College of Engineering, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India  ABSTRACT  Use of Virtual Interactive Techniques for personalized product design is described in this paper. Usually products are designed and built by considering general usage patterns and Prototyping is used to mimic the static or working behaviour of an actual product before manufacturing the product. The user does not have any control on the design of the product. Personalized design postpones design to a later stage. It allows for personalized selection of individual components by the user. This is implemented by displaying the individual components over a physical model constructed using Cardboard or Thermocol in the actual size and shape of the original product. The components of the equipment or product such as screen, buttons etc. are then projected using a projector connected to the comp...

Joseph Izang Azi Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, New York & Department of Industrial Design, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria  Abstract  In spite of its longstanding history, Africa’s animation industry’s impact on its socio-eco-cultural development has been very inconsequential to say the least. This article discusses six (6) contemporary ‘indigenous’ Afrimation projects that have potential of being highly innovative in the digital technology arena, as a medium for promoting the African Renaissance agenda. These projects include: Kabongo; Tinga Tinga Tales; Zambezia; The Lion of Judah; Magic Cellar and Interactive Child Learning Aid Project (i-CLAP) Model. The paper also highlights key issues in the relevant to the development of African animation like the design techniques, business models and partnership strategies and the implication of this new digital technology trends on Africa’s development and future.  Keywords:...

Sukhpal Singh1 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, India.  ABSTRACT  The Block Transform Coded, JPEG- a lossy image compression format has been used to keep storage and bandwidth requirements of digital image at practical levels. However, JPEG compression schemes may exhibit unwanted image artifacts to appear - such as the ‘blocky’ artifact found in smooth/monotone areas of an image, caused by the coarse quantization of DCT coefficients. A number of image filtering approaches have been analyzed in literature incorporating value-averaging filters in order to smooth out the discontinuities that appear across DCT block boundaries. Although some of these approaches are able to decrease the severity of these unwanted artifacts to some extent, other approaches have certain limitations that cause excessive blurring to high-contrast edges in the image. The image deblocking algorithm presented in this paper aims to filter the block...

Jamel SLIMI and Anis Ben AMMAR and Adel M. ALIMI ReGIM (Research Group on Intelligent Machine) National Engineering School of Sfax, Tunisia National Engineering School of Sfax University of sfax, Tunisia  ABSTRACT  We present in this paper an intelligent video data visualization tool, based on semantic classification, for retrieving and exploring a large scale corpus of videos. Our work is based on semantic classification resulting from semantic analysis of video. The obtained classes will be projected in the visualization space. The graph is represented by nodes and edges, the nodes are the keyframes of video documents and the edges are the relation between documents and the classes of documents. Finally, we construct the user’s profile, based on the interaction with the system, to render the system more adequate to its preferences.  KEYWORDS  Video, Semantic Concept Extraction, Semantic Classification, data Visualization, Personalization....

Uday A. Nuli1 and P. J. Kulkarni2 1 Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji, Maharashtra(INDIA)  2Walchand College of Engineering, Sangli, Maharashtra(INDIA)  ABSTRACT  Realistic Fluid Animation is an inherent part of special effects in Film and Gaming Industry. These animations are created through the simulation of highly compute intensive fluid model. The computations involved in execution of fluid model emphasize the need of high performance parallel system to achieve the real time animation. This paper primarily devoted to the formalization of parallel algorithms for fluid animation employing Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) model on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). We have demonstrated a considerable execution speedup on CUDA as compare to CPU. The speedup is further improved by reducing complexity of SPH computations from O(N 2 ) to O(N) by utilizing spatial grid based particle neighbour lookup.  KEYWORDS  Part...

Jae-Ho Yun and Rae-Hong Park Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea  ABSTRACT   This paper presents an uncalibrated view synthesis method using piecewise planar regions that are extracted from a given set of image pairs through planar segmentation. Our work concentrates on a view synthesis method that does not need estimation of camera parameters and scene structure. For our goal, we simply assume that images of real world are composed of piecewise planar regions. Then, we perform view synthesis simply with planar regions and homographies between them. Here, for accurate extraction of planar homographies and piecewise planar regions in images, the proposed method employs iterative homography estimation and color segmentation-based planar region extraction. The proposed method synthesizes the virtual view image using a set of planar regions as well as a set of corresponding homographies. Experimental comparisons with the images synth...

Ali Asghar Behmanesh1 ,Shahin pourbahrami2 , Behrouz Gholizadeh3 1Computer Department, Avecina University,Hamedan-Iran  2Computer Department, Al Zahra University, Tehran-Iran  3Computer Department, Al Zahra University, Tehran-Iran  ABSTRACT  Many computer graphics rendering algorithms and techniques use ray tracing for generating natural and photo-realistic images. Ray tracing is a method to convert 3D-modeles into 2D-high quality images by complex computation. The millions of rays must be simulated and traced to create realistic image. A method for reducing render time is acceleration structures. The kd-tree is the most commonly used in accelerating ray tracing algorithms. This paper has focused on reducing render time. We propose tow methods that are combined with ray tracing method for obtaining some pixel colour of image plane. Our methods are linear algorithm and are faster than ray tracing method. Our results show that our methods are at least 50%...

Joseph Izang, Azi (Ph.D.) College of Imaging Arts and Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, New York & Department of Industrial Design, Ahmadu Bello University (ABU), Zaria, Kaduna State  ABSTRACT  Developments in technology are more than ever before enabling the creation of remarkable Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) resources for enriching and transforming the educational environment in the 21st century. This progress is considered indispensable for Nigeria in the wake of declining school enrollment, high dropout rate and low learning achievement levels. Hence, relevant especially if such a predominantly traditional (face-to-face) educational system must be revolutionized to meet contemporary needs and techniques. Therefore, while this article argues for the integration of technology hardware and software into the local education environment, it however emphasizes the need to develop custom instructional resources that integrate l...

John R Rankin Computer Science and Computer Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia  Abstract  Algorithms for drawing smooth curves and surfaces are well-known but may be too expensive in CPU time to use for certain high speed interactive graphics applications. This paper looks at some new geometrically-based smoothing algorithms that arrive at the final smooth curve or surface after the application of an infinite number of iterations of the algorithm using subdivision refinement. When CPU time is scarce low iteration counts can be used to provide an acceptable level of approximation of smoothness and when CPU time is more plentiful higher levels of iteration can be applied for greater visual smoothing accuracy. Three new algorithms are presented and analysed. Convergence is proved geometrically for each and their timings are reported. Mixing iterations provides new opportunities for achieving various different effects in curve and surface smoothing.  ...

Jin-Hong Kim1 , Rae-Hong Park1 and Jino Lee1 1Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea   ABSTRACT  Video completion is used for repairing damaged or missing data in a video sequence. This paper proposes a video completion method using hierarchical motion estimation and color compensation. The proposed method consists of three steps: hierarchical motion estimation, source patch search, and color assignment. If an input video contains brightness change, existing video completion methods give poor results. For overcoming this drawback, we apply two methods: color normalization for motion estimation and source patch search, and color compensation for color assignment. First of all, we construct spatio-temporal Gaussian pyramid for reducing the computation time. We estimate the motion of the input video using color information of each pyramid level. The proposed method uses normalized RGB color in motion estimation. Then, we search th...

Na-Eun Yang1 , Ji Won Lee2 , and Rae-Hong Park3 1,2,3Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea  ABSTRACT  A single two dimensional (2D) image does not contain depth information. An infinite number of points in the three dimensional (3D) space are projected to the same point in the image plane. But a single 2D image has some monocular depth cues, by which we can make a hypothesis of depth variation in the image to generate a depth map. This paper proposes an interactive method of depth map generation from a single image for 2D-to-3D conversion. Using a hypothesis of depth variation can reduce the human effort to generate a depth map. The only thing required from a user is to mark some salient regions to be distinguished with respect to depth variation. The proposed algorithm makes hypothesis of each salient region and generates a depth map of an input image. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives natural depth map in ter...

John R Rankin Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia  ABSTRACT  This paper presents a geometric approach to the coordinatization of a measured space called the Map Maker’s algorithm. The measured space is defined by a distance matrix for sites which are reordered and mapped to points in a two-dimensional Euclidean space. The algorithm is tested on distance matrices created from 2D random point sets and the resulting coordinatizations compared with the original point sets for confirmation. Tolerance levels are set to deal with the cumulative numerical errors in the processing of the algorithm. The final point sets are found to be the same apart from translations, reflections and rotations as expected. The algorithm also serves as a method for projecting higher dimensional data to 2D.  KEYWORDS  N-dimensional Space, Projections, Distance Matrices, Coordinatization More Details :  http://ai...

Ho-Jin Lee1 , Dong-Gyu Sim2 and Rae-Hong Park1 1Department of Electronic Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea  2Department of Computer Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea  ABSTRACT  A simple method to represent three-dimensional (3-D) convex objects is proposed, in which a onedimensional signature based on the discrete Fourier transform is used to efficiently describe the shape of a convex object. It has position-, orientation-, and scale-invariant properties. Experimental results with synthesized 3-D simple convex objects are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed simple signature representation.  KEYWORDS  Convex Object, Invariance, Discrete Fourier Transform, Signature  More Details  :  http://airccse.org/journal/ijcga/papers/3213ijcga01.pdf

Md. Bharul Islam1 , Abu Kalam Shamsuddin1 and Moshiur Rahman Choudhury2 1Department of Multimedia Technology and Creative Arts, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh  2Chief Executive Officer, Dreamer Donkey Private Limited, Dhaka, Bangladesh  ABSTRACT  Many developing countries are successfully developing their animation industries which are already contributed to their economic growth. It is noted that these countries have the potentials to become hubs for working international quality animation products due to low labor cost. For the purpose of reviewing the prospects of these industries, in Bangladesh, the researchers visited some selected animation studios in the capital city. Data was collected from 16 animation and multimedia studios using direct interviews, telephone conversations, and website visits etc. The main purpose of this study is to find out the prospects and challenges of animation industries in Bangladesh.  KEYWO...

Dong-O Kim1 , Sang Wook Lee2 , and Rae-Hong Park1 1Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Media Technology, Graduate School of Media, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea  ABSTRACT  Appearance-based approaches have the advantage of representing the variability of an object’s appearance due to illumination change without explicit shape modeling. While a substantial amount of research has been performed on the representation of object’s diffuse and specular shading, little attention has been paid to cast shadows which are critical for attaining realism when multiple objects are present in a scene. We present an appearance-based method for representing shadows and rendering them in a 3D environment without explicit geometric modeling of shadow-casting object. A cubemap-like illumination array is constructed, and an object’s shadow under each cubemap light pixel is sampled on a plane. Only the geometry of ...

J R Rankin and M Boyapati La Trobe University, Australia  ABSTRACT  This paper attempts to create coloured semi-transparent shadow images that can be projected onto multiple screens simultaneously from different viewpoints. The inputs to this approach are a set of coloured shadow images and view angles, projection information and light configurations for the final projections. We propose a method to convert coloured semi-transparent shadow images to a 3D visual hull. A shadowpix type method is used to incorporate varying ratio RGB values for each voxel. This computes the desired image independently for each viewpoint from an arbitrary angle. An attenuation factor is used to curb the coloured shadow images beyond a certain distance. The end result is a continuous animated image that changes due to the rotated projection of the transparent visual hull.  KEYWORDS   Coloured object reconstruction, inverse problem, visual hull, data driven model, light...

Son Duong1 and Min-Hyung Choi2 1,2 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, CO USA  ABSTRACT  Traditional motion capture (mocap) has been well-studied in visual science for the last decades. However the field is mostly about capturing precise animation to be used in specific applications after intensive post processing such as studying biomechanics or rigging models in movies. These data sets are normally captured in complex laboratory environments with sophisticated equipment thus making motion capture a field that is mostly exclusive to professional animators. In addition, obtrusive sensors must be attached to actors and calibrated within the capturing system, resulting in limited and unnatural motion. In recent year the rise of computer vision and interactive entertainment opened the gate for a different type of motion capture which focuses on producing optical markerless or mechanical sensorless motion capture. Furthermore ...

Hwan-Soon Sung1 , Rae-Hong Park1 , Dong-Kyu Lee1 , and SoonKeun Chang2 1Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea 2 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-742, Korea  ABSTRACT  This paper presents a technique to reduce the ghost artifacts in a high dynamic range (HDR) image. In HDR imaging, we need to detect the motion between multiple exposure images of the same scene in order to prevent the ghost artifacts. First, we establish correspondences between the aligned reference image and the other exposure images using the zero-mean normalized cross correlation (ZNCC). Then, we find object motion regions using adaptive local thresholding of ZNCC feature maps and motion map clustering. In this process, we focus on finding accurate motion regions and on reducing false detection in order to minimize the side effects as well. Through experiments with several sets...

John R Rankin La Trobe University, Australia  Abstract  A new algorithm is presented which determines the dimensionality and signature of a measured space. The algorithm generalizes the Map Maker’s algorithm from 2D to n dimensions and works the same for 2D measured spaces as the Map Maker’s algorithm but with better efficiency. The difficulty of generalizing the geometric approach of the Map Maker’s algorithm from 2D to 3D and then to higher dimensions is avoided by using this new approach. The new algorithm preserves all distances of the distance matrix and also leads to a method for building the curved space as a subset of the N-1 dimensional embedding space. This algorithm has direct application to Scientific Visualization for data viewing and searching based on Computational Geometry.  Categories and Subject Descriptors:  I.3.3 Viewing algorithms, I.3.5 Computational Geometry and Object Modelling More Details :  http://airccse.org/j...

Alexander P. Pobegailo1 1Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus  ABSTRACT  The paper presents a technique for construction of C n interpolating rational Bézier spline curves by means of blending rational quadric Bézier curves. A class of polynomials which satisfy special boundary conditions is used for blending. Properties of the polynomials are considered. The constructed spline curves have local shape control that make them useful in such geometric applications as real-time trajectory generation and fast curve sketching.  KEYWORDS  Blending Curves, Rational Bézier curves, Interpolation, Splines, Interpolating Rational Splines More Details :  http://airccse.org/journal/ijcga/papers/3413ijcga01.pdf

Yasser M. Abd El-Latif Department of Math. (Computer Science), Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt.  ABSTRACT  This paper presents a hybrid algorithm that combines features form both Sqrt(3) and Loop Subdivision schemes. The algorithm aims at preserving sharp features and trim regions, during the surfaces subdivision, using a set of rules. The implementation is nontrivial due to the computational, topological, and smoothness constraints, which should be satisfied by the underlying surface. The fundamental innovation, in this research work, is the ability to preserve sharp features anywhere on a surface. In addition, the resulting representation remains within the multiresolution subdivision framework. Preserving the original representation has a core advantage that all the applicable operations to the multiresolution subdivision surfaces can subsequently be applied to the edited model. Experimental results, including surfaces coar...

Ashish Shingade1 and Archana Ghotkar2 1,2Department of Computer Engineering, Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, India  ABSTRACT  Markerless motion capture is an active research in 3D virtualization. In proposed work we presented a system for markerless motion capture for 3D human character animation, paper presents a survey on motion and skeleton tracking techniques which are developed or are under development. The paper proposed a method to transform the motion of a performer to a 3D human character (model), the 3D human character performs similar movements as that of a performer in real time. In the proposed work, human model data will be captured by Kinect camera, processed data will be applied on 3D human model for animation. 3D human model is created using open source software (MakeHuman). Anticipated dataset for sport activity is considered as input which can be applied to any HCI application.  KEYWORDS  Motion capture, Depth infor...

Farhad Soleimanian Gharehchopogh1 , Isa Maleki2 , Sahar Sadouni3 1 Department of Computer Engineering, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran 2 Department of Computer Engineering, Dehdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehdasht, Iran 3 Department of Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, West Azerbaijan, Iran  ABSTRACT  Lately according to the software and hardware progress, the development of the computer games has been so much. As the development of the computer games is one of the most favorite projects of computer sciences. A requirement for development of the computer games is the computer graphics programming science and the mathematical calculations. A calculation method is fractal Koch which uses the selfsimilarity specifications of itself. Formation of fractals takes place by the repetitions, so it is possible to transform a simple geometric shape to a more complex one and use the fractal capabilities to ...

Masaya Ohta1 , Ryuta Yokomichi1 , Masataka Motokurumada1 and Katsumi Yamashita1 1 Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan  ABSTRACT  In this report, we propose an augmented reality (AR) system using photo images. Based on the position and orientation of the user’s camera, the system selects the most appropriate image of an object from a set of photos taken at various angles and “pastes” it into the camera image at an appropriate location and scale. Since the technique requires no 3D model creation or 3DCG rendering during the AR processes, it is well suited to mobile devices with limited power and rendering capacity. The proposed system is also installed and evaluated on a practical device.  KEYWORDS  Augmented reality, Photo image, Low Computational Complexity. More Details :  http://airccse.org/journal/ijcga/papers/4114ijcga01.pdf

Min-Ho Park and Rae-Hong Park Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro (sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea  ABSTRACT  Due to advances in recent multimedia technologies, various digital video contents become available from different multimedia sources. Efficient management, storage, coding, and indexing of video are required because video contains lots of visual information and requires a large amount of memory. This paper proposes an efficient video indexing method for video with rapid motion or fast illumination change, in which motion information and feature points of specific objects are used. For accurate shot boundary detection, we make use of two steps: block matching algorithm to obtain accurate motion information and modified displaced frame difference to compensate for the error in existing methods. We also propose an object matching algorithm based on the scale invariant feature transform, whi...

Jyothi. K 1 , Prabhakar C.J 2 1 Department of IS&E, J.N.N College of Engineering, Shimoga, Karnataka, India 2Department of Studies and Research in Computer Science Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India  ABSTRACT  In this paper, we present multimodal 2D +3D face recognition method using block based curvelet features. The 3D surface of face (Depth Map) is computed from the stereo face images using stereo vision technique. The statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, variance and entropy are extracted from each block of curvelet subband for both depth and intensity images independently.In order to compute the decision score, the KNN classifier is employed independently for both intensity and depth map. Further, computed decision scoresof intensity and depth map are combined at decision level to improve the face recognition rate. The combination of intensity and depth map is verified experimentally using benchmark face database. The exp...

Kshama Fating1 and Archana Ghotkar2 1,2Department of Computer Engineering, Pune Institute of Computer Technology, Pune, India  ABSTRACT  Feature Extraction is an important task for any Image processing application. The visual properties of any image are its shape, texture and colour. Out of these shape description plays important role in any image classification. The shape description method classified into two types, contour base and region based. The contour base method concentrated on the shape boundary line and the region based method considers whole area. In this paper, contour based, the chain code description method was experimented for different hand shape. The chain code descriptor of various hand shapes was calculated and tested with different classifier such as k-nearest- neighbour (k-NN), Support vector machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied after the chain code description. The performance of SVM was found better ...

Cheriet Leila1 , Chenikher Salah2 and Boukari karima3 1Department of Electronic, Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria 2Department of Genie Electric, Tebessa University, Tebessa, Algeria 3Department of Electronic, Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria  ABSTRACT  This paper described an algorithm for computing the optical flow (OF) vector of a moving objet in a video sequence based on geometric wavelet transform (GWT). This method tries to calculate the motion between two successive frames by using a GWT. It consists to project the OF vectors on a basis of geometric wavelet. Using GWT for OF estimation has been attracting much attention. This approach takes advantage of the geometric wavelet filter property and requires only two frames. This algorithm is fast and able to estimate the OF with a low-complexity. The technique is suitable for video compression, and can be used for stereo vision and image registration.  KEYWORDS  Geometric Wavelet, Curvelet W...

Matahari Bhakti Nendya1 , Eko Mulyanto Yuniarno2 and Samuel Gandang Gunanto3 1,2Department of Electrical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia 3 Department of Animation, Institut Seni Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia  ABSTRACT  Facial animation is an important aspect to make character more life in virtual world. Early stage to make facial animation is facial rigging. Facial rigging is the process of creating the animation controls for a facial model and the animator’s interface to those controls. Facial feature points which associated with facial skeleton makes process of rigging easy to do. Weighting feature points on the face makes facial skeleton used as the basis of the manufacture of facial control to manual or automatic animation with motion data.  KEYWORDS   Facial Animation, Rigging, Feature Points, Facial Motion Data  More Details :  http://airccse.org/journal/ijcga/papers/4314ijcga02.pdf

Ji-Hye Kim1 , Rae-Hong Park1 , and SoonKeun Chang2 1Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea 2 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-742, Korea  ABSTRACT  This paper presents an efficient image enhancement method by fusion of two different exposure images in low-light condition. We use two degraded images with different exposures: one is a long-exposure image that preserves the brightness but contains blur and the other is a short-exposure image that contains a lot of noise but preserves object boundaries. The weight map used for image fusion without artifacts of blur and noise is computed using blur and noise estimation. To get a blur map, edges in a long-exposure image are detected at multiple scales and the amount of blur is estimated at detected edges. Also, we can get a noise map by noise estimation using a denoised short-exposure image. Ghost effec...

Md. Baharul Islam1 , Arif Ahmed2 , Md. Kabirul Islam2 and Abu Kalam Shamsuddin2 1 Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia 2Department of Multimedia and Creative Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh  ABSTRACT  Teachers have tried to teach their students by introducing text books along with verbal instructions in traditional education system. However, teaching and learning methods could be changed for developing Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It's time to adapt students with interactive learning system so that they can improve their learning, catching, and memorizing capabilities. It is indispensable to create high quality and realistic leaning environment for students. Visual learning can be easier to understand and deal with their learning. We developed visual learning materials (an overview of solar system) in the form of video for students of primary level using different ...

Christos Mousas1 ,Paul Newbury1,Christos-Nikolaos Anagnostopoulos2 1Department of Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK 2Department of Cultural Technology and Communication, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 81100, Greece  ABSTRACT  One of the most efficient ways of generating goal-directed walking motions is synthesising the final motion based on footprints. Nevertheless, current implementations have not examined the generation of continuous motion based on footprints, where different behaviours can be generated automatically. Therefore, in this paper a flexible approach for footprint-driven locomotion composition is presented. The presented solution is based on the ability to generate footprint-driven locomotion, with flexible features like jumping, running, and stair stepping. In addition, the presented system examines the ability of generating the desired motion of the character based on predefined footprint patterns that det...

John R Rankin Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University, Australia  ABSTRACT  The Map Maker algorithm which converts survey data into geometric data with 2-dimensional Cartesian coordinates has been previously published. Analysis of the performance of this algorithm is continuing. The algorithm is suitable for generating 2D maps and it would be helpful to have this algorithm generalized to generate 3D and higher dimensional coordinates. The trigonometric approach of the Map Maker algorithm does not extend well into higher dimensions however this paper reports on an algebraic approach which solves the problem. A similar algorithm called the Coordinatizator algorithm has been published which converts survey data defining a higher dimensional space of measured sites into the lowest dimensionalcoordinatization accurately fitting the data. Therefore the Coordinatizator algorithm is not a projection transformation whereas the n-dimension...

Dong-Kyu Lee1 , Rae-Hong Park1 and Soonkeun Chang2 1Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea 2 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-742, Korea  ABSTRACT  For producing a single high dynamic range image (HDRI), multiple low dynamic range images (LDRIs) are captured with different exposures and combined. In high dynamic range (HDR) imaging, local motion of objects and noise in a set of LDRIs can influence a final HDRI: local motion of objects causes the ghost artifact and LDRIs, especially captured with under-exposure, make the final HDRI noisy. In this paper, we propose a ghost and noise removal method for HDRI using exposure fusion with subband architecture, in which Haar wavelet filter is used. The proposed method blends weight map of exposure fusion in the subband pyramid, where the weight map is produced for ghost artifact removal as well as exposu...

Dr. S.Vijayarani1 and Ms. A.Sakila2 1Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. 2M.Phil Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.  Abstract  Multimedia data mining is a popular research domain which helps to extract interesting knowledge from multimedia data sets such as audio, video, images, graphics, speech, text and combination of several types of data sets. Normally, multimedia data are categorized into unstructured and semi-structured data. These data are stored in multimedia databases and multimedia mining is used to find useful information from large multimedia database system by using various multimedia techniques and powerful tools. This paper provides the basic concepts of multimedia mining and its essential characteristics. Multimedia mining architectures for structured and unstructured data, research issues in multimedia mining, data mining models used for multimedia...

Zeeshan Bhati, Asadullah Shah, Ahmad Waqas, Nadeem Mahmood Khulliyah of Information and Communication Technology International Islamic University Malaysia  ABSTRACT  Character rigging is a process of endowing a character with a set of custom manipulators and controls making it easy to animate by the animators. These controls consist of simple joints, handles, or even separate character selection windows.This research paper present an automated rigging system for quadruped characters with custom controls and manipulators for animation.The full character rigging mechanism is procedurally driven based on various principles and requirements used by the riggers and animators. The automation is achieved initially by creating widgets according to the character type. These widgets then can be customized by the rigger according to the character shape, height and proportion. Then joint locations for each body parts are calculated and widgets are replaced programmatically.Fin...

J R Rankin La Trobe University   Abstract  The new Uplift Model of terrain generation is generalized here and provides new possibilities for terra formation control unlike previous fractal terrain generation methods. With the Uplift Model fine-grained editing is possible allowing the designer to move mountains and small hills to more suitable locations creating gaps or valleys or deep bays rather than only being able to accept the positions dictated by the algorithm itself. Coupled with this is a compressed file storage format considerably smaller in size that the traditional height field or height map storage requirements.  Keywords  Terrain, height map, height field, 3D rendering, fractal.  More Details :  http://airccse.org/journal/ijcga/papers/5115ijcga03.pdf

Valere Huypens, Belgium  Abstract  The midpoint method or technique is a “measurement” and as each measurement it has a tolerance, but worst of all it can be invalid, called Out-of-Control or OoC. The core of all midpoint methods is the accurate measurement of the difference of the squared distances of two points to the “polar” of their midpoint with respect to the conic. When this measurement is valid, it also measures the difference of the squared distances of these points to the conic, although it may be inaccurate, called Out-of-Accuracy or OoA. The primary condition is the necessary and sufficient condition that a measurement is valid. It is comletely new and it can be checked ultra fast and before the actual measurement starts. . Modeling an incremental algorithm, shows that the curve must be subdivided into “piecewise monotonic” sections, the start point must be optimal, and it explains that the 2D-incremental method can find, locally, the global Least Squar...

Nanzhou Piao, Jong-Gun Kim, and Rae-Hong Park Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Sogang University 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea  ABSTRACT  This paper proposes a segmentation method and a three-dimensional (3-D) volume calculation method of cysts in kidney from a number of computer tomography (CT) slice images. The input CT slice images contain both sides of kidneys. There are two segmentation steps used in the proposed method: kidney segmentation and cyst segmentation. For kidney segmentation, kidney regions are segmented from CT slice images by using a graph-cut method that is applied to the middle slice of input CT slice images. Then, the same method is used for the remaining CT slice images. In cyst segmentation, cyst regions are segmented from the kidney regions by using fuzzy C-means clustering and level-set methods that can reduce noise of non-cyst regions. For 3-D volume calculation, cyst volume calculation and 3-D...

Sumanta Guha Computer Science & Information Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand  ABSTRACT  We develop a polygonal mesh simplification algorithm based on a novel analysis of the mesh geometry. Particularly, we propose first a characterization of vertices as hyperbolic or non-hyperbolic depend-ing upon their discrete local geometry. Subsequently, the simplification process computes a volume cost for each non-hyperbolic vertex, in anal-ogy with spherical volume, to capture the loss of fidelity if that vertex is decimated. Vertices of least volume cost are then successively deleted and the resulting holes retriangulated using a method based on a novel heuristic. Preliminary experiments indicate a performance comparable to that of the best known mesh simplification algorithms.  KEYWORDS  Hyperbolic vertex, level of detail, local geometry, mesh sim- plification, multi-resolution, vertex decimation, volume cost More Detail...

Sang-Moo Park1 and Jong-Hyo Kim1, 2 1Biomedical Radiation Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science Technology, Seoul National University, Korea 2Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Seoul National University, Korea  ABSTRACT  This paper is written about augmented reality in medicine. Medical imaging equipment (CT, PET, MRI) are produced 3D volumetric data, so using the stereoscopic 3D display, observer feels depth perception. The major factors about depth-Convergence, Accommodation, Relative size are tested. Convergence and Accommodation have affected depth perception but relative size is negligible.  KEYWORDS  Augmented Reality, Volumetric, Convergence, Accommodation, Depth Perception, Stereoscopic. More Details :  http://airccse.org/journal/ijcga/papers/5215ijcga05.pdf

Zeeshan Bhati, Ahmad Waqas,Mostafa Karbasi, Abdul Waheed Mahesar Khulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology International Islamic University Malaysia  ABSTRACT:  In this paper a unique way of rigging a bipedal character is discussed inside 3Ds Max, using constraints, wire parameter setup and linking the controls. 3Ds Max is more commonly used for game character modeling and rigging. For this purpose a built-in Biped setup is present that is a pre-rigged structure, which can be easily applied on any bipedal character type easily and efficiently. However, the built-in Biped system lacks the functionality of manual control and motion retargeted manipulation, mostly found in custom rigs. This proposed system builds a custom rig using a unique approach of combining multiple tools and expressions.  KEYWORDS:  Biped Rigging, Rigging, 3Ds Max, Biped, Character Setup, Animation, Biped Animation More Details :  http://airccse.org/journa...